Hedgehog Facts

Hedgehog Facts Hedgehogs (Erinaceidae) are a group of insectivores that are native to parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Hedgehogs are small mammals with rotund bodies and distinct spines made of keratin. They come by their unusual name as a result of their foraging behavior: They root through hedges to find worms, insects, and other food while making pig-like grunting sounds. Fast Facts: Hedgehog Scientific Name: ErinaceusCommon Name(s): Hedgehog, urchin,  hedgepig,  furze-pigBasic Animal Group:  MammalSize: Head and body: 5 to 12 inches; tail: 1 to 2 inchesWeight: 14–39 ouncesLifespan: 2–7 years depending on speciesDiet:  OmnivoreHabitat:  Parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, New Zealand (as an exotic species)Conservation  Status:  Least Concern Description Hedgehogs have a round body and dense spines on their back. Their belly, legs, face, and ears are free of spines. The spines are cream-colored and have brown and black bands on them. Hedgehog spines resemble those of a porcupine but they are not easily lost and are only shed and replaced when young hedgehogs reach adulthood or when a hedgehog is unwell or stressed. Hedgehogs have a white or tan face and short limbs with long curved claws. They have poor vision despite their large eyes but they have a keen sense of hearing and smell, and they use their sharper senses of smell and hearing to help them locate prey. Oksana Schmidt/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Hedgehogs are found in many locations across Europe, Asia, and Africa. They are not present in Australia, North America, Central America or South America, though have been introduced to New Zealand as an exotic species. Hedgehogs occupy a variety of habitats including forests, grasslands, scrublands, hedges, suburban gardens, and agricultural areas. Diet Although they belong to the group of mammals formerly known as the insectivores, hedgehogs eat a varied diet that includes more than just insects. Hedgehogs feed on a variety of invertebrates such as insects, snails, and slugs as well as some small vertebrates including reptiles, frogs and birds eggs. They also feed on plant materials such as grass, roots, and berries. Behavior When threatened, hedgehogs crouch and hiss but they are better known for their defensive tactics than their might. If provoked, hedgehogs usually roll up by contracting the muscles that run along their back and in doing so raise their spines and curl their body and enclosing themselves in a protective ball of spines. Hedgehogs can also run quickly for short periods of time. Hedgehogs are for the most part nocturnal mammals. They are occasionally active during the day but more often shelter themselves in shrubs, tall vegetation or rock crevices during daylight hours. Hedgehogs construct burrows or use those dug by other mammals such as rabbits and foxes. They make nests underground in burrow chambers that they line with plant material. Some species of hedgehogs hibernate for several months during the winter. During hibernation, the body temperature and heart rate of the hedgehogs decline. Reproduction and Offspring Hedgehogs are generally solitary animals that spend time with one another only during mating season and when rearing young. Young hedgehogs mature in four to seven weeks after birth. Each year, hedgehogs can raise as many as three litters of young with as many as 11 babies. Hedgehogs are born blind and gestation lasts up to 42 days. Young hedgehogs are born with spines that are shed and replaced with larger stronger spines when they mature. Subspecies Hedgehogs are divided into five subgroups that include Eurasian hedgehogs (Erinaceus), African hedgehogs (Atelerix and Paraechinus), desert hedgehogs (Hemiechinus), and steppe hedgehogs (Mesechinus). There are a total of 17 species of hedgehogs. Hedgehog species include: Four-toed hedgehog, Atelerix albiventrisNorth African hedgehog, Atelerix algirusSouthern African hedgehog, Atelerix frontalisSomali hedgehog, Atelerix sclateriAmur hedgehog, Erinaceus amurensisSouthern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolorEuropean hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeusNorthern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicusLong-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritusIndian long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus collarisDaurian hedgehog, Mesechinus dauuricusHughs hedgehog, Mesechinus hughiDesert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicusBrandts hedgehog, Paraechinus hypomelasIndian hedgehog, Paraechinus micropusBare-bellied hedgehog, Paraechinus nudiventris Conservation Status Hedgehogs are listed as of Least Concern, as there are large populations of hedgehogs around the world. Many species of hedgehogs, however, are on the decline as a result of habitat loss, pesticide use, and poaching for use in traditional medicines. Conservation attempts are underway around the world; as a BBC article says: â€Å"A world without hedgehogs would be an uglier place. Hedgehogs and People Hedgehogs are well-loved animals and are featured in traditional childrens stories and fairy tales. Featured in tales by Beatrix Potter, the hedgehog retains its popularity in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game. Sources Coles, Jeremy. â€Å"Earth - Living in Harmony with Hedgehogs.†Ã‚  BBC, 19 Aug. 2015, www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150818-living-with-hedgehogs.â€Å"Hedgehog.†Ã‚  National Geographic, 21 Sept. 2018, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/h/hedgehog/.â€Å"Hedgehog.†Ã‚  San Diego Zoo Global Animals and Plants, animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/hedgehog.

Review the Files for Three Scenarios and Advise the Crown Prosecutor Essay

Review the Files for Three Scenarios and Advise the Crown Prosecutor Supervising Your Training - Essay Example Notably, this has significant impacts on his credibility and would greatly influence any decision for prosecution. In this scenario, it is also worth noting that the suspect’s divorce case has direct implications on his attitude towards the case. This should be put in consideration because to a great extent, it could have probably influenced the decision that he made with respect to committing the crime. Also worth mentioning is the fact that the suspect had been drinking. In this regard, alcohol and relative drinks have negative implications on the decision making capacity of an individual. Influence of alcohol undermines objective decision making and can make an individual to indulge in activities without understanding the implications for this. The suspect’s decision to settle the case out of court also has direct impacts on decision making in this respect. This implies that he has already assumed criminal responsibility and understands the legal implications of his actions. On the level of public interest, there are various factors that need to be considered and analyzed accordingly. Legal provisions at this point assert that although out of court settlements have been made, factors pertaining to the criminal record of the offender as well as the seriousness of the offence can inform prosecution. According to research, there are certain facts whose presence in the scenario increases the likelihood of the suspect being convicted (Howell, 2011, p. 51). As aforementioned, the suspect has committed the same offence for the second time. The previous offence regarding smashing of an office window had similar facts as this one. Seemingly, it also occurred after an argument with the contractor and involved smashing of a glass window using a stone. Although he has already footed the current damages, this trend implies that he is likely to repeat the crime in future. Put differently, the criminal behavior of Nathan is likely to be repeated in future. Th e sentence for the offence is three months imprisonment and or a level 4 fine. Notably, this sentence is not significant as compared to the sentences of other criminal offences such as assault. However, this offence involved a threat of violence. Presumably, the suspect could have used the stone to cause more harm to the victim, her children or the victim’s property. Further, the fact that this offence was committed in the close proximity of two children increases its likelihood for prosecution. From a legal standpoint, children are protected by the law and committing an offence within their proximity should be avoided at all costs. Conversely, there are factors whose presence in the scenario reduces likelihood for conviction. To begin with, Nathan has exhibited compliance with regard to out of court settlement. He has already affirmed that he indeed committed an offence and has taken practical steps to pay for the relative damages. Basing on the preceding analysis, Nathan sh ould be prosecuted for the criminal offence. He has committed an offence with similar facts for the second time, did this in the proximity of the children and was under the influence of alcohol. Arguably, he exhibits a significant level of irresponsible behaviour and basing on his criminal record, he is likely to r

The start of the parole system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The start of the parole system - Research Paper Example His release is conditional, contingent upon satisfactory behavior. He is under supervision and treatment by a person trained in parole work. Englands contribution to what later metamorphosed into parole was its program of transportation to the American colonies, a program motivated, not by humanitarian considerations, but by economic pressures. In the sixteenth century, Englands economy was in a decline. There was much unemployment. The labor market was overcrowded. In the colonies, on the other hand, there was need for cheap labor. The British government decided to grant reprieves and stays of execution to convicted felons physically able to work so that they might be shipped abroad and impressed into service. This system of deportation is part of the history of parole in that it involved mitigation of penal sentence and placement of the erstwhile prisoner in the free community. As in parole, the individual was not an altogether free person. The first English transportation law was proclaimed in 1597, authorizing deportation of rogues. In 1619 one hundred "dissolute persons" were ordered to Virginia. The government paid a contractor, usually the shipmaster, about five pounds for each prisoner so shipped. In Virginia, the offenders were put up at auction, the highest bidder winning them as indentured servants. The British government thereafter exercised no further responsibility for the welfare or control of the former prisoners, so long as they did not return to England. If they returned without authorization, they were subject to death. Boatloads of felons came over, but were not sufficient to meet the demand. Virginia thereupon began to import Negro slaves. The labor shortage eased, but the white exiles, despising their lot, fomented unrest among the blacks. This caused consternation among their masters, who could now get along without the transported convicts. Minus the white trouble-makers, they could keep the slaves

Business and Project Management , in a format of Questions-Answers Essay

Business and Project Management , in a format of Questions-Answers - Essay Example In this regard, Supportive PMO can be implemented in the Green Bull company. Moreover, Directive PMO main duty is to manage the personnel in a directive manner, establish the project in such a manner that the quality of the project can be maintained for long time. Encouraging the work force and direct them in a consistent manner is the part of directive. Maintaining high professional standard for sustainability in the future is another important aspect that can be implemented by the company. Controlling is another important characteristic of PMO. To control the projects, PMO have to adopt some methodology, rules for the betterment of current project, which makes the project more successful than previous. Through controlling PMO has lodged triumph for the future (Cavallaro, 2013). Therefore, Green Bull has been implementing PMO who have these three characteristics. Notably, these three characteristics generate a successful PMO. PMO is the ultimate person who can assure quality for overall products. As per the information, Green Bull has already completed five years in the market, and it has chain of known consumers who consume its products (Codling, 1995; Week 5, B_PM_Lecture_Slides_05_Part_2_2013). In the organization PMO is the only person who interacts with both higher authority as well as bottom level employees. In the matrix organizational structure PMO is positioned after the top-level management, and connects all departments of the organization. Therefore, Broad of Directors has been considered that recruiting PMO in the organization might create a risk for the overall process. Top-level managers have been considering different kind of risks due to this aspect. These are that PMO may increase the total head count and increase head counts misbalance in the work level. Decreased head counts are more suitable for quality production management. Part time PMO is more useful

Comment on how Romeo Essay Example for Free

Comment on how Romeo Essay Comment on how Romeo and Juliet use language to communicate their feelings about love until Act II, scene ii of the play. Romeo and Juliet is the tragic story of two lovers separated by their feuding families. The origins of Romeo and Juliet originate before Shakespeare and so the story has been made familiar to audiences and readers of previous generations. Many historians believe he got his inspiration from literature dating back to the sixteenth century such as the poem by Arthur Brooke called The Tragicall Historye Of Romeus and Iuliet, written in 1562. Shakespeare adapted this story in order for it to appeal to the Elizabethan audience. The male protagonist of the play is Romeo Montague. He is approximately seventeen or eighteen years old. Romeo is a stereotypical adolescent boy, who emotions are fickle and based on lust. He constantly spends time thinking about love and his desire to be in love. He is spurned by the lady he adores Rosaline. Romeo follows the conventions of courtly love with diligence. In contrast the female protagonist Juliet Capulet is of a younger age; barely into her teenage years. Juliet is the opposite to Romeo as she is not stereotypical. Juliet does not comprehend or desire marriage, which is unusual of a girl her age. However, it is surprising Juliet breaches the rules of courtly love by accepting the proposal of marriage as soon as Romeo enquired Juliet. Juliet also defies the convention by not marrying a man of her fathers choosing. Despite the Capulets and Montagues long standing hatred for each other, fate coincidently brings Romeo and Juliet together. The play ends with tragic consequences as a result from the families hatred. Romeo and Juliet both sacrifice themselves for the power of love. Shakespeare uses numerous dramatic devices and language techniques to explore and convey Romeo and Juliets emotions. Act I, scene i takes place after a riot between the Montagues and Capulets. Despite the uproar Romeo decides to take no participation in this argument as he is so infatuated by his desire for Rosaline. Benvolio says Good morrow, cousin. Romeo replies Is the day so young indicating that he is so wrapped up in his own emotions that he is surprised it is still morning. This is typical of courtly love. Benvolio informs Romeo that it has only just struck the hour of nine. Aye me! Sad hours seem long Romeo personifies time to portray the grief he endures. Not having that, which, having, makes them short Romeo indicates that time passes quickly with Rosaline but time drags on without her. Romeo also says; Out of favour, where I am in love, This shows that the feeling is not mutual therefore it can not be true love. Romeo also says; Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! Romeo implies love is cupid and although he is blindfolded he still makes people fall in love. He believes love is inevitable. Romeo enquires about the dispute but he quickly switches back to talking about love that he yearns for, when he says Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. Romeo is talking about fighting in general and not he has heard about the fight that has just taken place. He completely does not care about it and he is disloyal to his family. Heres much to do with hate, but more with love. He believes no matter how much people talk about hate, love is far more interesting as Romeo implies. Romeos infatuation with lust is reflected in his over elaborate use of language. Well, in that you miss: shell not be hit With Cupids arrow; she hath Dians wit; nd, in string proof of chastity well armd, from loves weak childish bow she lives unharmd. she will not stay the siege of loving terms, Romeo here portrays lust that he wants from Rosaline. He describes virginity like a fortress which needs to be conquered . Romeo is also critical of her virginity. Romeo is continuously using paradoxes to describe love. Romeo demonstrates a young man who does not actually feel genuine love as he describes it as love and hate when he says O brawling love! O loving hate! O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Mis-sharpen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, Sick health! Conveying emotions of love which Romeo is experiencing, which is in such a mixed up way that it is not enjoyable but painful. Romeo says; Tis the way To call hers exquisite, in question more: Romeo has a fickle nature and he believes that looking at others would only make her more beautiful. Romeo implies that speaking of his lady would make him groan. Romeo emphasizes the pain he endures by referring love of love to be a sickness and of dying by saying; Bid a sick man in sadness make his wil Romeo ends with farewell: thou canst not teach me to forget. Romeo shows that he can not forget about his love and one can teach him to forget about his love. Juliet Capulet is a young girl living in the town of Verona. Juliet is probably around the age of fourteen or fifteen years of age. Ladies in Verona, by the ages of Juliet were often married and settled down with children. Juliet being the daughter of wealthy Capulet is no exception to this and is expected to marry. Juliet has hardly reached womanhood when she is expected to make a life changing decision Act I scene iii takes place in a room in the Capulets mansion. Lady Capulet breaks the news to Juliet about the idea of marriage. Lady Capulet says, Marry, that marry is the very theme I came to talk of. Juliet replies it is a n honour that I dream of not as she is very shocked by the idea as she still thinks she is too young. She is innocent and nai ve. Lady Capulet says to Juliet; Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, are made already mothers; by my count Lady Capulet is suggesting Juliet is being left behind as most ladies are married by now. Lady Capulet also uses persuasive adjectives like valiant to advertise Paris as being perfect and encourage her daughter to marry him. The nurse of Juliet also emphasizes Paris being perfect Hes a man of wax Juliet hardly shows much emotion about married. Juliet says; Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives me strength to make it fly Juliet shows here she will happily make the acquaintance of Paris only to please her mother, but Juliet is promising nothing. Juliet is not really bothered about meeting Paris as she does not desire married and partnership. Juliet and Romeo meet each other in the Capulets mansion where a party was taking place. Towards the end of act II, scene ii Romeo and Juliet use extended images of falcony to demonstrate their reluctance to separate until the following morning. Juliet confides in Romeo by using a metaphor; O for a falconers voice, To lure thus tassel-gentle back again Juliet wishes to capture Romeo, like a bird, so that she can lure him back to her whenever she wants. Romeo extends the metaphor by referring to Juliet as My Niese. Romeo is implying Juliet as being a hawk, this is important as it reminds the audience of Juliets age and her innocence. Juliet is very protective and shows this by using a simile; I would have thee gone; And yet no farther than a wantons bird; That lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a prisoner in his twisted gives, And with a silken thread plucks it back again, So loving-jealous of his liberty Juliet desires to imprison Romeo like a bird. Juliet uses a oxymoron to highlight her contrasting feelings; half of her wants to set Romeo free as if he remains he will get into danger but Juliet is selfish and wants Romeo to stay for her own benefit. Romeo and Juliet uses extended images of sea voyages and adventure to communicate their love for each other. Romeo uses a metaphor to show Juliet how much he loves her and how important she is to him. As that vast shore washd with the farthest sea, I would adventure for such merchandise. Romeo relates to Juliet being merchandise, which he is prepared to travel the furthest sea to gain such a priceless treasure. Juliet uses an extended simile later on in the play to re-emphasize Romeos feelings. My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep, the more I give to thee. Juliets love is as endless like the sea. Both Juliet and Romeo worship each other and are prepared to do anything, just to get what they want. Juliet also has bounty, the willingness to give her love to Romeo. Romeo and Juliet use extended images of angels and heaven to express how heavenly their love and desire is for one another. Romeo expresses his feelings about Juliet in his soliloquy at the beginning of the scene; Her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. Romeo is saying that Juliet has the power over nature, she is as bright as the sun, her beauty is so extreme she can make the birds sing. Romeo extends the idea of cosmic image; O speak again, bright angel Romeo refers as Juliet being an angel as there is nothing more perfect as angels , more beautiful than any mortal could wish to be. Juliet impresses Romeo so much that he can not believe she is human. For thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head, As is a winger messenger of heaven Romeo expresses Juliet to have angel-like qualities, she is immortal, a perfect goddess. Romeo uses sibilance and a simile to make Juliets voice sound like beautiful music to ones ears; Like softest music to attending ears! In the beginning Romeo is represented as a typical young man. His language is completed with drama and emotions. Juliet is opposite, her language is straightforward and shows her disinterest in marriage and love. Juliet experiences the most dramatic change in the play after meeting and falling in love with Romeo in act II, scene ii. Juliet displays a newly sexually awaken young woman. Her language is altered to display a likeness of Romeos language which is constantly uses hyperboles and imagery to portray her intense emotions. Romeo is less of a dramatic change as he still remains a passionate young man. His feelings are more genuine love rather than lust. Romeos feelings are intensified by reciprocate love. Romeo also uses imagery to show intense feelings and the endeavour to commit to Juliet. Throughout the play Shakespeare uses numerous language techniques to convey emotions and to show true passion between two teenagers. The play demonstrates to what extent people are prepared to do for the power of love. Tragic consequences at the end of the play lead to sad emotions which heightens the audience. Romeo and Juliet, a tragic story that teaches people the true meaning of love.

Metaphors Of The Mind :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites The brain (and, by implication, the Mind) has been compared to the latest technological innovation in every generation. The computer metaphor is now in vogue. Computer hardware metaphors were replaced by software metaphors and, lately, by (neuronal) network metaphors. Such attempts to understand by comparison are common in every field of human knowledge. Architects and mathematicians have lately come up with the structural concept of "tensegrity" to explain the phenomenon of life. The tendency of humans to see patterns and structures everywhere (even where there are none) is well documented and probably has its survival value added. Another trend is to discount these metaphors as erroneous, irrelevant, or deceptively misleading. Yet, these metaphors are generated by the same Mind that is to be described by them. The entities or processes to which the brain is compared are also "brain-children", the results of "brain-storming", conceived by "minds". What is a computer, a software application, a communications network if not a (material) representation of cerebral events? In other words, a necessary and sufficient connection must exist between ANYTHING created by humans and the minds of humans. Even a gas pump must have a "mind-correlate". It is also conceivable that representations of the "non-human" parts of the Universe exist in our minds, whether a-priori (not deriving from experience) or a-posteriori (dependent upon experience). This "correlation", "emulation", "simulation", "representation" (in short : close connection) between the "excretions", "output", "spin-offs", "products" of the human mind and the human mind itself - is a key to understanding it. This claim is an instance of a much broader category of claims: that we can learn about the artist by his art, about a creator by his creation, and generally: about the origin by any of its derivatives, inheritors, successors, products and similes. This general contention is especially strong when the origin and the product share the same nature. If the origin is human (father) and the product is human (child) - there is an enormous amount of data to be safely and certainly derived from the product and these data will surely apply to the origin. The closer the origin and the product - the more we can learn about the origin. The computer is a "thinking machine" (however limited, simulated, recursive and mechanical). Similarly, the brain is a "thinking machine" (admittedly much more agile, versatile, non-linear, maybe even qualitatively different).

Meniscal Injuries :: essays research papers

The meniscus is one of the most commonly injured structures in the knee. Meniscal injuries can occur in any age group, but causes are somewhat different for each age group. In younger people, the meniscus is fairly tough and rubbery, and tears usually occur as a result of a fairly forceful twisting injury. In the younger age group, meniscal tears are more likely to be caused by athletic activity (Sutton, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In older people, the meniscus grows weaker with age. The tissue that makes up the meniscus becomes degenerative and much easier to tear. Meniscal injuries in older people occur as a result of a fairly minor injury, even from the up and down motion of squatting. Degenerative tears of the meniscus are commonly seen as a part of the overall condition of osteoarthritis of the knee in the older population. In many cases, there is no one associated injury to the knee that leads to meniscal tears (Sutton, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand how the menisci can be injured, you must understand the basic anatomy of the menisci and why they are important. The menisci are two oval (semilunar) fibrocartilages that deepen the articular facets of the tibia and cushion any stresses placed on the knee joint. They enhance the total stability of the knee, assist in the control of normal knee motion, and provide shock absorption against compression forces between the tibia and the femur (Booher, 2000). Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones that make up the joint. The articular cartilage surface is a tough, very slick material that allows the surfaces to slide against one another without damage to either surface. This ability of the meniscus to spread out the force on the joint surfaces as we walk is important because it protects the articular cartilage from excessive forces occurring in any one area on the joint surface, leading to degeneration over time (Sutton, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blood is supplied to each meniscus by the medial genicular artery. Each meniscus can be divided into three circumferential zones: the red-red zone is the outer or peripheral one third and has a good vascular supply; the red-white zone is the middle one third and has a minimal blood supply; and the white-white zone on the inner one third is avascular (Arnheim,1997).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The medial meniscus is larger and more oval or C-shaped in the outline than the lateral meniscus. The medial cartilage is also more firmly fixed to the tibia and the capsule than the lateral meniscus; as a result, it is much more frequently injured than the lateral cartilage.